![]() Mass spectrometric imaging of highly curved membranes during Tetrahymena mating. To 5D and beyond: quantitative fluorescence microscopy in the postgenomic era. The KEGG resource for deciphering the genome. Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Kawashima, S., Okuno, Y. Themes and variations in prokaryotic cell division. Complete genome sequence of Caulobacter crescentus. Polar localization of the MinD protein of Bacillus subtilis and its role in selection of the mid-cell division site. MinDE-dependent pole-to-pole oscillation of division inhibitor MinC in Escherichia coli. Identification of a protein, YneA, responsible for cell division suppression during the SOS response in Bacillus subtilis. Answering the call: coping with DNA damage at the most inopportune time. Catching some Zs: a new protein for spatial regulation of bacterial cytokinesis. Assembly dynamics of the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ: poised at the edge of stability. ![]() Comparative genomics of the FtsK–HerA superfamily of pumping ATPases: implications for the origins of chromosome segregation, cell division and viral capsid packaging. The FtsZ protein of Bacillus subtilis is localized at the division site and has GTPase activity that is dependent upon FtsZ concentration. Crystal structure of the bacterial cell-division protein FtsZ. Gerdes, K., Moller-Jensen, J., Ebersbach, G., Kruse, T. Coordination of cell division and chromosome segregation by a nucleoid occlusion protein in Bacillus subtilis. Rapid and sequential movement of individual chromosomal loci to specific subcellular locations during bacterial DNA replication. Structure and segregation of the bacterial nucleoid. Prokaryotic development: a new player on the cell cycle circuit. Cell-cycle progression and the generation of asymmetry in Caulobacter crescentus. ![]() Temporal and spatial regulation in prokaryotic cell cycle progression and development. Dynamic localization of proteins and DNA during a bacterial cell cycle. Spatial regulation of cytokinesis in bacteria. Bacterial cell division: regulating Z-ring formation. Co-ordinate regulation of the Escherichia coli cell cycle or the cloud of unknowing. Some Planctomycetes also reproduce by budding currently nothing is known about cell division or reproduction in this bacterial lineage. The life cycle of the predatory δ-proteobacterium Bdellovibrio has distinct stages of growth, multiple fission and differentiation to motile attack-phase cells.Ī morphologically diverse group of prosthecate α-proteobacteria, including Hyphomonas, Pedomicrobium and Ancalomicrobium, reproduce by budding mechanisms. Other Actinobacteria, such as Actinoplanes and Pilimelia, produce complex sporangia in the absence of aerial mycelium formation. In the case of streptomycetes, terminal cells of the aerial mycelium divide synchronously to produce the uninucleoid cells which become spores. To enhance dispersal of offspring, members of the Actinobacteria produce spores on aerial structures. The pleurocapsalean cyanobacteria, such as Stanieria, Myxosarcina, Pleurocapsa and Dermocarpella, use multiple fission of an enlarged cell to produce baeocyte offspring. ![]() have apparently converted a programme of endospore formation into a mode of propagation in which multiple intracellular offspring are produced. Some low-GC Gram-positive bacteria, such as Metabacterium polyspora, the segmented filamentous bacteria and Epulopiscium spp. A phylogenetic perspective is emphasized because model systems can serve as a foundation on which to build hypotheses to study these alternative systems of reproduction and development. This review discusses selected lineages that could serve as new models for studying the mechanisms that mediate these unusual reproductive strategies. These include modified programmes based on endospore formation, multiple fission of an enlarged or filamentous cell and budding. Based on comparisons of model organisms, there is remarkable flexibility in the evolution of genes that govern this essential process in the Bacteria.Īlternative reproductive modes are found in diverse lineages in the Bacteria. Although binary fission is conceptually simple, complex genetic mechanisms enhance the fidelity of cell division.
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